Youth Congress II (Kongres Pemuda II)

The idea of organizing the Second Youth Congress (Kongres Pemuda II) came from the Association of  Indonesian Students (PPPI), a youth organization that consisted of students from all over Indonesia. PPPI initiative, the Congress held in three different buildings and divided in three meetings.

The first meeting, Saturday, October 27, 1928, in Building Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Waterlooplein (now Lapangan Banteng). In his speech, chairman of PPI Sugondo Djojopuspito hope Congress can strengthen the spirit of unity in the heart of the youth. The event was followed by Moehammad Yamin speech which explained the meaning and relationships between unity and youth. According to him, there are five factors that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia is the history, languages, customary law, education, and willingness.

The second meeting, Sunday, October 28, 1928, in Oost-Java House Bioscoop, discuss education issues. Both speakers, Poernomowoelan and Sarmidi Mangoensarkoro, argued that children should be educated nation, must also have a balance between education at school and at home. Children also should be educated in a democratic way.

At the closing meeting, in building Clubgebouw Indonesische Kramat Raya in Jalan 106, Sunario explained the importance of nationalism and democracy in addition to scouting movement. While Ramelan argued, scouting movement can not be separated from the national movement. Scouting movement since the early educate children and self-discipline, the things needed in the struggle.

Before the congress closed played the song "Indonesia Raya" by Wage Rudolf Supratman, who played the violin without poetry, on the advice Sugondo to Supratman. The song was greeted with a very lively by the participants of the congress. Congress closed with the statement announcing the results of the congress. By the youth who were present, it is pronounced as formulations Pledge of Allegiance.

Participants
The Second Youth Congress participants came from various representatives of existing youth organizations at the time, such as Jong Java, Jong Ambon, Jong Celebes, Jong Batak, Jong Sumatranen Bond, Bond Islamieten Jong, PPPI, Youth The Betawi, etc..

Among them there are even some young people Tionghoa as observers, namely Oey Kay Siang, John Lauw Tjoan Hok and Tjio Djien Kwie and Kwee Thiam Hong as a representative of Bond Sumatranen Jong. Baswedan AR initiated by the descendants of arab youth in Indonesia, held a congress in Semarang and gave an Oath of young arab descent.

Building
Building on Jalan Kramat Raya 106, where he read the Youth Oath, is a boarding house for students and student property of Kok Liong Sie. The building of Kramat 106 had renovated by Pemda DKI Jakarta on 3 April to 20 May 1973 and was inaugurated Governor of DKI Jakarta, Ali Sadikin, on May 20, 1973 as a Youth Pledge Building. The building was re-inaugurated by President Soeharto on May 20, 1974. In the course of history, the Youth Pledge Building was managed by Pemda DKI Jakarta, and is currently managed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda)

Toward the end of October, we are Indonesian people reminded one of the historical events. October 28, is a milestone for Indonesia, where youngsters unite the determination and spirit for unity. As a form of unity statement, in the Youth Congress II, they poured in a 3 point formula:



1.We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.
2.We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.
3.We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, respect the language of unity, Indonesian.


Youth Pledge (Sumpah Pemuda) formulation was written by Moehammad Yamin on a paper when Mr. Sunario, as a scout delegates was in speeching at the last session of Congress. The oath was initially read by Soegondo and then explained in detail by Yamin.


Today, Youth Pledge's spirit become a means to unite all Indonesian people. Not only for the youth but also to all of Indonesia citizens, to realize that we are one Indonesia.

Keris: The Heritage of Java

Keris is a typical Indonesian stabbing weapon, or perhaps more accurately Archipelago. Based on ancient documents, the keris in preliminary form has been used since the 9th century. Strong likelihood that the keris has been used before that time. The use of the keris itself scattered in clumps community Malays. At present, the keris commonly known in the area of Indonesia (especially in the areas of Java, Madura,Bali /Lombok, Sumatra, part of Borneo, and some of Sulawesi),Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, and Philippines (particularly in the Mindanaoregion). In Mindanao, the form of weapon which is also called the keris is not much resemblance but also a stabbing weapon.

Keris has a variety of forms, for example, there is a winding blade (always in odd count) and some are straight bladed. Javanese people assume different forms have different effects esoteri. Besides being used as a weapon, the keris is also often considered to have supernatural powers. This weapon is often mentioned in many traditional legends, such as keris Mpu Gandring in legend of Ken Arok and Ken Dedes. The procedure to use keris is different in each region. In areas such asJavanese and Sundanese, the keris is placed in the back of the waist in peacetime but is placed in front in the war. Meanwhile, in Sumatra,Borneo, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, the keris was placed in front. Besides keris, there are a number of other stabbing weapons in the archipelago region, such as Rencong from Aceh, Badik fromSulawesi and West Java cleaver. Keris distinguished from other stabbing weapons primarily from the blade. Keris is not made from a single metal casted but a mixture of various metal layers. As a result of this manufacturing technique, the keris has a specificity of fame on the blade.